John Ruskin (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic, and polymath of the Victorian era. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany, and political economy.

Ruskin came to view his critique of political economy, as his most central work, which also inspired the famous Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi first read the subversive masterwork of political economy, 'Unto This Last' in 1904, during a train trip in South Africa where he was living at the time. Gandhi decided immediately not only to change his own life according to Ruskin's teaching, but also to publish his own newspaper, Indian Opinion, from a farm where everybody would get the same salary, without distinction of function, race, or nationality. This, for that time, was quite revolutionary. Thus Gandhi created the Phoenix Settlement near Durban.

The book, a radical critique of capitalism that up-ended Victorian-era England when it was published in December 1860, appeared first as a series in four issues of "Cornhill Magazine." It was bound as a single volume 18 months later.

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