The Maltese is a small breed of dog in the Toy Group. It descends from dogs originating in the Central Mediterranean Area. The breed name and origins are generally understood to derive from the Mediterranean island nation of Malta.

This breed has been known by a variety of names throughout the centuries. It has also been known in English as the "Maltese Terrier", the "ancient dog of Malta," the "Roman Ladies' Dog," the "Maltese Sleeve Dog," and "Melita" (the former name of Malta).

This breed has sometimes been incorrectly referred to as a "Bichon", a name that refers to the family ("small long-haired dog") and not the breed. The Kennel Club officially settled on the name "Maltese" for the breed in the 19th century.

Characteristics include slightly rounded skulls, with a finger-wide dome, a black button nose and brown eyes. They usually grow up to be about 7-10 inches tall. The body is compact with the length equaling the height and the tail is almost always curled. The drop ears with long hair, and surrounded by darker skin pigmentation, gives Maltese their expressive look.

Maltese are bred to be companion dogs. They are extremely lively and playful, and even as a Maltese ages, its energy level and playful demeanor remain fairly constant. Some Maltese may occasionally be snappish with smaller children and should be supervised when playing, although socializing them at a young age will reduce this habit.

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