A large number of languages are spoken in Canada. According to the 2016 census, English and French are the mother tongues of 56.0% and 21.4% of Canadians, respectively. In total 86.2% of Canadians have working knowledge of English while 29.8% have a working knowledge of French. Under the Official Languages Act of 1969, both English and French have official federal status throughout Canada, in respect of all government services, including the courts, and all federal legislation is enacted bilingually.

But New Brunswick is the only Canadian province that has both English and French as its official languages. Quebec's only official language is French, but the Constitution requires that all legislation be enacted in both French and English. English is the official language of Manitoba and Alberta.

In 1969, New Brunswick passed the Official Languages Act which began recognizing French as an official language, along with English. New Brunswickers have the right to receive provincial government services in the official language of their choice. About 2⁄3 of the population are English speakers and 1⁄3 are French speakers. New Brunswick is home to most of the cultural region of Acadia (descendants of the French who settled in Acadia) and most Acadians. New Brunswick's variety of French is called Acadian French and 7 regional accents can be found.

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