Nauru, officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, with 11,347 residents in a 21-square-kilometre (8.1 sq. mile) area, found in Micronesia, is the smallest island country in the world. Surrounded by a coral reef and ringed by windswept palm trees and a sandy beach, Nauru has no protected areas, no World Heritage sites, no rivers and just 30 km (18.6 mile) of roads.

Nauru is a republic with a parliamentary system of government. The President is both head of state and head of government.

Traditionally, Nauruans traced their descent matrilineally. Inhabitants practised aquaculture: they caught juvenile ibija fish, acclimatized them to fresh water, and raised them in the Buada Lagoon, giving a reliable source of food. The other locally grown components of their diet include coconuts and pandanus fruit.

After World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

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