The Icelandic horse is a breed developed in Iceland. Although the horses are small, at times pony-sized, most registries refer to it as a horse. They are long-lived and hardy. In their native country they have few diseases; Icelandic law prevents horses from being imported into the country and exported animals are not allowed to return. It is the only breed of horse in Iceland

The Icelandic displays two gaits in addition to the typical walk, trot, and canter/gallop commonly displayed by other breeds. The breed is still used for traditional sheepherding work in its native country, as well as for leisure, showing, and racing.

Developed from ponies taken to Iceland by Norse settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries, the breed is mentioned in literature and historical records throughout Icelandic history.

Selective breeding over the centuries has developed the breed into its current form. Natural selection has also played a role, as the harsh climate eliminated many horses through cold and starvation. In the 1780s, much of the breed was wiped out in the aftermath of a volcanic eruption.

They weigh between 330 and 380 kilograms (730 and 840 lb) and stand an average of 13 and 14 hands (52 and 56 inches, 132 and 142 cm) high, which is often considered pony size. It can be classified as a horse, because of the breed's weight, bone structure and weight-carrying abilities. They breed come in many coat colors: chestnut, dun, bay, black, gray, palomino, pinto and roan.

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