Which Muslim leader captured Jerusalem during the Crusades?

Saladin (1137/1138–1193), a Muslim military and political leader, was the sultan (or leader) who led Islamic forces during the Crusades. Saladin’s greatest triumph over the European Crusaders came at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. It paved the way for an Islamic conquest of Jerusalem and other Holy Land cities in the Near East.

The Muslim forces of Saladin (Salah al-Din) decisively defeated the crusader army south of the Horns of Hattin in Palestine, capturing Guy, king of Jerusalem. Saladin’s enemy, Reginald of Châtillon, was personally killed by Saladin. The sultan also ordered over two hundred members of the Knights Hospitaller and Templar Knightly Orders to be killed. Many other crusaders he ransomed. The remaining captured Christians were sold on the local slave markets.

Subsequently, in the Third Crusade, Saladin was unable to defeat the armies led by England’s King Richard I (the Lionheart). He lost much of the territory that he had previously conquered. However, he was able to negotiate a truce with Richard I that allowed for continued Muslim control of Jerusalem.