The Mediterranean countries are those that surround the Mediterranean Sea. As the Adriatic sea and Aegean sea are considered an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea, countries like (Croatia), (Slovenia), and (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are considered Mediterranean countries too. Twenty sovereign countries in Southern Europe, the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, and Israel) and North Africa regions border the Mediterranean, in addition to two island nations completely located in it (Malta and Cyprus).

Although Portuguese culture, history, language, and climate - especially in its southern part - are often associated with the Mediterranean sea, the country does not have a coast on the sea itself.

The following list of countries have a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea:

Northern shore (from west to east): Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey.

Eastern shore (from north to south): Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt.

Southern shore (from west to east): Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt.

Island nations: Malta, Cyprus.

Several other territories also border the Mediterranean Sea (from west to east): The British overseas territory of Gibraltar, the Spanish autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla and nearby islands, the Sovereign Base Areas on Cyprus, and the Palestinian Gaza Strip.

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