The Java mouse-deer ('Tragulus javanicus') is a species of even-toed ungulate in the family 'Tragulidae'. When it reaches maturity it is about the size of a rabbit, making it the smallest living ungulate. It is found in forests in Java and perhaps Bali, although sightings there have not been verified.

Java mouse-deer are primarily herbivores, although in captivity they have been observed to eat insects as well as foliage.

One of the main predators which the Java mouse-deer face is humans. Through the destruction of their habitat, as well as from hunting and trapping the mouse-deer for food, their pelts, and for pets, humans have considerably reduced the Java mouse-deer population.

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