Which of these words is used to describe those who identify with a "homeland", but live outside of it?

A diaspora is a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale.

Some notable diasporas are the Assyrian Diaspora which originated during and after the Arab conquest of Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran, and continued in the aftermath of the Assyrian genocide; the southern Chinese and Indians who left their homelands during the 19th to 20th century; the Palestinian diaspora following the flight or expulsion of Arabs from Palestine; the Armenian Diaspora following the Armenian genocide;

Diasporas often maintain ties to the country of their historical affiliation and influence the policies of the country where they are located.

William Safran in an article "Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return." published in 1991, set out six rules to distinguish diasporas from migrant communities. These included criteria that the group maintains a myth or collective memory of their homeland; they regard their ancestral homeland as their true home, to which they will eventually return; being committed to the restoration or maintenance of that homeland, and they relate "personally or vicariously" to the homeland to a point where it shapes their identity.

In 2019, according to the United Nations with 17.5 million Indian diaspora is world's largest diaspora, followed by 11.8 million Mexican diaspora and 10.7 million of Chinese diaspora.