Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, Freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humourist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat.

Franklin was inspired to invent a flexible urinary catheter in 1752 when he saw what his kidney (or bladder) stone-stricken brother had to go through. Catheters at the time were simply rigid metal tubes—extremely painful when being inserted into the bladder to drain urine. So, Franklin devised a better solution: a flexible catheter made of hinged segments of tubes. He had a silversmith create the flexible catheter tube from his design which he mailed to his brother with instructions and best wishes.

In December 1776, Franklin was dispatched to France as commissioner/ambassador for the United States. Franklin remained in France until 1785. He conducted the affairs of his country toward the French nation with great success, which included securing a critical military alliance in 1778 and negotiating the Treaty of Paris (1783).

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