Snake venom is highly modified saliva containing zootoxins that facilitate the immobilization and digestion of prey and defense against threats. It is injected by unique fangs during a bite, and some species are also able to spit their venom.

A fang is a long, pointed tooth. In mammals, a fang is a modified maxillary tooth, used for biting and tearing flesh. In snakes, it is a specialized tooth that is associated with a venom gland (see snake venom). Spiders also have external fangs, which are part of the chelicerae.

The glands that secrete the zootoxins are a modification of the parotid salivary glands found in other vertebrates and are usually situated on each side of the head, below and behind the eye, and encapsulated in a muscular sheath. The glands have large alveoli in which the synthesized venom is stored before being conveyed by a duct to the base of channeled or tubular fangs through which it is ejected.

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