Pomona was the name of a Roman goddess and a festival held in her honor in early November probably influenced the development of modern Halloween. The goddess Pomona was associated with abundance, the harvest, and fruit especially apples and nuts. Her husband was the god of Vertumnus who was associated with the change of seasons.

It has been suggested that, due to centuries of Romans and Celts living side by side in the areas that are now England, Wales, and France, aspects of the festival of Pomona influenced the Celtic Samhain celebration and led to the formation of the modern holiday of Halloween. Many Halloween fortune-telling traditions involve nuts or apples, apple cider is strongly associated with the holiday in North America and apple bobbing remains a popular game at Halloween parties.

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