The kettlebell is a cast iron or cast steel ball with a handle attached to the top. It is used to perform many types of exercises, including ballistic exercises that combine cardiovascular, strength and flexibility training. They are also the primary equipment used in the weight lifting sport of kettlebell lifting.

The Russian 'girya' was a type of metal weight, primarily used to weigh crops in the 18th century. The use of such weights by circus strongmen is recorded for the 19th century. They began to be used for recreational and competition strength athletics in Russia and Europe in the late 19th century. The birth of competitive kettlebell lifting or 'girevoy sport' is dated to 1885, with the founding of the "Circle for Amateur Athletics". Russian 'girya' are traditionally measured in weight by 'pood', corresponding to 16.38 kilograms (36.1 lb). The English term kettle bell has been in use since the early 20th century.

The kettlebell sport in Russia is where the main popularity of the kettlebell started, from there it was brought to the United States by Pavel Tsatsouline (fitness instructor) and has developed into much more than just kettlebell lifting competitively. The sport can be compared to what the CrossFit Games is to CrossFit, however, the sport has been much longer in existence, and is only recently gaining more popularity worldwide, with women participating as well.

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