Generally known by the English title of "The Cunning Little Vixen", and premiered in Brno in 1924, this comic opera was composed by Leoš Janáček (1854-1928), one of the most famous Czech composers. It should be noted here that although this title is the familiar one, it is, in fact, an inaccurate translation, as the original title contains no mention of the diminutive stature of the victim, and the other adjective is more akin to "sharp-eyed" than "cunning".

The source material is somewhat unusual in the realms of opera, as it took its inspiration from a comic strip, or perhaps, as we might say nowadays, a graphic novel, serialised in a newspaper. Although it does feature human characters, principally a forester and a poacher, it is also unusual in many of the characters, and not just the eponymous heroine, being animals. Although it is classed as a "comic opera", there is a strong tragic element to it, and at the end the vixen dies at the hands of the poacher, although a symbolic frog represents renewal and rebirth in the cycle of nature.

Janáček was a prominent folklorist, and the music of the opera incorporates many Moravian melodies.

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