Henriette Theodora Markovitch (22 November 1907 – 16 July 1997), known as Dora Maar, was a French photographer, painter, and poet. At the end of 1935, Dora Maar was hired as a set photographer on the Jean Renoir film The Crime of Monsieur Lange. On this occasion, Paul Eluard introduced her to Pablo Picasso. Their liaison would last nearly nine years, during which time Picasso did not end his relationship with Marie-Thérèse Walter, mother of his daughter Maya.

A new woman came into Picasso's life in 1936, a young Yugoslavian photographer, Dora Maar, whose real name was Dora Markovic. She was a friend of the poet Paul Eluard, frequented Surrealist circles, and spoke Spanish. In Portrait of Dora Maar, 1937, Dora Maar is represented majestically seated in an armchair, smiling and resting her head on a long-fingered hand. The face is shown in a combined frontal and profile view, with a red eye and a green eye facing in different directions. For many people, these deformations are the very hallmark of Picasso's art. Yet, despite the distortions, or perhaps even because of them, Picasso achieved a striking resemblance that could be said to be "truer than life". The deformations primarily serve an expressive purpose: the idea is less to remake reality than to express its possibilities, to capture all the aspects of the sitter.

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