On what basis would a person be classified as the "father" or "mother" of something? Perhaps we could say that if, years later, the person's ideas and standards were still being followed. This is true of George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848) a British civil and mechanical engineer. Stephenson was considered by the Victorians a great example of diligent application and thirst for improvement.

Pioneered by Stephenson, rail transport was one of the most important technological inventions of the 19th century and a key component of the Industrial Revolution. Built by George and his son Robert's company, Robert Stephenson and Company, "Locomotion No. 1" (pictured) was the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825. George also built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use locomotives, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, opened in 1830.

Many other distinguished engineers from many countries could be mentioned for major contributions to the development of the railways. However, George Stephenson has the foremost position. If you are in doubt, consider this: his chosen rail gauge, 4 feet 8 1⁄2 inches (1,435 mm) became the standard used by most of the world's railways. Even the great Isambard Kingdom Brunel felt obliged to change his preferred "broad gauge" (7 ft 1⁄4 inches or 2,140 mm) to the "Stephenson gauge". Credit indeed to the acknowledged "Father of Railways".

More Info: en.wikipedia.org