According to the gospels, in which language(s) was the superscription over Jesus Christ's cross written?
In the New Testament, Jesus is referred to as the King of the Jews (or of the Judeans), both at the beginning of his life and at the end. In the Koine Greek of the New Testament, e.g., in John 19:3, this is written 'Basileus ton Ioudaion' (βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων).
The initialism 'INRI' (Latin: 'Iēsus Nazarēnus, Rēx Iūdaeōrum') represents the Latin inscription (in John 19:19), which in English translates to "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews", and John 19:20 states that this was written in three languages—Hebrew, Latin, and Greek—and was put on the cross of Jesus. The Greek version of the initialism reads 'ΙΝBΙ', representing 'Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων'.
In Western Christianity, most crucifixes and many depictions of the crucifixion of Jesus include a plaque or parchment placed above his head, called a titulus, or title, bearing only the Latin letters INRI, occasionally carved directly into the cross and usually just above the head of Jesus. In Eastern Christianity, both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic particular churches 'sui iuris' (autonomous churches) use the Greek letters ΙΝΒΙ, based on the Greek version of the inscription.
Although Mark and Matthew do not specify the language(s) used for the superscription, both Luke and John make reference of the use of these three languages.
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