Germany's head of state during World War I, Kaiser Wilhelm II, had which of these physical abnormalities?

Wilhelm II (1859-1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia. His reign lasted from June 1888 to November 1918. Despite strengthening Germany's position as a great power by building up its armed forces and promoting scientific innovation, his tactless public statements and reckless foreign policy greatly antagonized the international community and ultimately plunged his country into World War I. When the German war effort collapsed after a series of crushing defeats on the Western Front in 1918, he was forced to abdicate. He died of pulmonary embolus in Holland while living a comfortable exile on June 4, 1941. He was 82.

A traumatic breech birth resulted in the Kaiser having Erb's palsy, which left him with a withered left arm about 15 centimetres (6 in) shorter than his right. Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk nerves.

He tried with some success to conceal this; many photographs show him holding a pair of white gloves in his left hand to make the arm seem longer. In others, Wilhelm II holds his left hand with his right, has his crippled arm on the hilt of a sword, or holds a cane to give the illusion of a useful limb posed at a dignified angle.