Haile Selassie, the last Emperor of Ethiopia and member of the Solomonic dynasty, claimed to be a descendant of Solomon, King of Israel and the Queen of Sheba. The Queen of Sheba, according to 1 Kings, visited Solomon, bringing gifts. Solomon in turn gave her "all her desire, whatsoever she asked". Tradition asserts that the Queen gave birth to Menelik I, who supposedly went on to rule Ethiopia in the 10th century BC.

The claim that the Solomonic dynasty ruled Ethiopia (also referred to as Abyssinia) as early as the 10th century BC has no historical evidence to support it. Records of the dynasty's history were supposedly maintained by the Ethiopian Orthodox monasteries; however, if such records existed, most were lost as a result of the destruction of Orthodox monasteries during the Judaic resurgence in the 10th century AD.

In 1270, the Zagwe dynasty of Ethiopia was overthrown by Yekuno Amlak, who claimed descent from Solomon and initiated the Solomonic era of Ethiopia. The Solomonic dynasty would last until 1974, ended by a coup d'état and deposition of the Emperor Haile Selassie.

The current head of the House of Solomon is Zera Yacob Amha Selassie, grandson of Haile Selassie.

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