Georgia has had five different State capitals. The first was Savannah, the seat of government during British colonial rule, followed by Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and Atlanta, the capital city from 1868 to the present day. Five capitals were created in less than 100 years. The longest serving capital city after Atlanta was Milledgeville, which served as the capital of Georgia for 60 years.

The capitals changed for a variety of reasons, including colonial influences, the Civil War, population movement from east to west and the arrival of the Western and Atlantic Railroad (after which Atlanta was named; it was initially called Terminus and then Marthasville).

Almost every state has moved its state capital at least once. Only Massachusetts, Nevada, North Dakota, Vermont, Washington, and Wyoming have had a single capital city since their creations as colonies, territories, or states.

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