Specifically, five (5) countries have sent an "unmanned" spacecraft to the moon. The 5 countries are: United States, Soviet Union, Japan, India, and China.

First, in 1959, the Soviet Union performed a hard unpowered moon landing with the Luna 2 spacecraft, a feat the U.S. duplicated in 1962 with Ranger 4. Subsequently, over 12 Soviet and U.S. spacecraft have used braking rockets to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface. In 1966, the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the lunar surface during the Luna 9 and Luna 13 missions. The U.S. followed with 5 unmanned Surveyor soft landings.

More recently, other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around 8,000 kilometers per hour (5,000 mph). These have generally been end-of-life lunar orbiters that could no longer overcome perturbations from lunar mass concentrations ("masscons") to maintain their orbit.

On April 1, 1993, Japan's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon's surface. Next, on

November 14, 2008, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) performed a controlled crash impact on the Moon. It used its Moon Impact Probe (MIP) which was an ejected probe from the Indian Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter. Finally, a Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 executed a controlled crash onto the Moon on March 1. 2009. Then, rover mission Chang'e 3 was launched on December 1, 2013, and it soft-landed on December 14th.

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