How many extant species of penguin are there?

Penguins are among the group of 60 flightless birds which include the ostrich, emu, cassowary, rhea and kiwi.

Many of us are familiar with the largest penguin, the Emperor. These birds can reach a height of up to four feet and weigh between 49 and 99 pounds.

The smallest of the species is the Little Blue Penguin, also known as the Fairy Penguin, which stands around 16 inches tall and weighs just over 2 pounds.

The number of extant penguin species is debated. Depending on which authority is followed, penguin biodiversity varies between 17 and 20 living species.

Penguins are found almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere on the west and southern coasts of South America and Africa. Colonies are also located on the south coast of Australia, New Zealand and in coastal areas of Antarctica.

One species though, the Galapagos Penguin,has colonized the Galapagos Islands which straddle the equator.

Colonies may range in size from as few as a 100 pairs for Gentoo Penguins, to several hundred thousand in the case of King, Macaroni and Chinstrap penguins.

Awkward on land and snow, they are superbly adapted to aquatic life. Their vestigial wings are useless for flight but as flippers, give them amazing swimming and diving abilities.

Most species of penguins feed on small fish, krill, and squid. However, diet varies depending on the species, the characteristics of each penguin and the region where they live.