How many pastel versions of 'The Scream' did Edward Munch create?
'The Scream' is the popular name given to a composition created by Norwegian artist Edward Munch (12 December 1863 - 23 January 1944) in 1893. According to Munch, he once sensed an infinite scream passing through nature. Actually Munch created two versions in paint and two in pastels, as well as a lithograph stone from which several prints survive.
One pastel version (1893) is in the collection of the Munch Museum, Oslo, Norway. The second pastel version (1895) was sold for $ 119,922,600 at Sotheby's (a British-founded American multinational corporation) on 2 May 2012 to financier Leon Black (an American investor and art collector). The 1895 pastel version was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York from October 2012 to April 2013 and the 1893 pastel exhibited at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam in 2015.
A pastel is an art medium in the form of a stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and binder. The pigments in pastels are the same as those used to produce all colored art media, including oil paints. The material composition was examined and revealed the use of cadmium yellow, vermilion, ultramarine and viridian.
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