The Shardlake series is a series of historical mystery novels by C. J. Sansom set in the reign of Henry VIII in the 16th century. The series' main character is the hunchbacked lawyer Matthew Shardlake, who is assisted in his adventures by Mark Poer and then Jack Barak. Shardlake works on commission initially from Thomas Cromwell in Dissolution and Dark Fire, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer in Sovereign and Revelation and Queen Catherine Parr in Heartstone and Lamentation.

Sansom has said that he plans to write further Shardlake novels taking the lawyer into the reign of Elizabeth I.

Kyphosis is an abnormally excessive convex curvature of the spine. Kyphosis can be called roundback or Kelso's hunchback. It can result from degenerative diseases such as arthritis; developmental problems; osteoporosis with compression fractures of the vertebra; multiple myeloma or trauma.

Dwarfism, also known as short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small. In humans, it is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 4 feet 10 inches.

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain. This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull. In babies there may be a rapid increase in head size.

Double amputation is self explanatory.

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