The "Song of Roland" (original title: "Chanson de Roland") is generally seen as the oldest surviving work of French literature. There is some debate as to whether it is anonymous, or written by a minstrel called Turoldus, who is mentioned in the 3rd person in the last line of the work.

It was written in the 11th or early 12th century CE, but tells of events several centuries before during the reign of Charlemagne (748-814). While Charlemagne's historical existence is in no doubt whatsoever (although he did not live to be 200, as suggested in the work!) otherwise it occupies a space between history and legend.

The scene is the battle of Roncevaux (or Roncesvalles) in the Pyrenees, and concerns the wars between the Franks and the Saracens. In this version of the story, the paladin Roland is Charlemagne's nephew, and the villain of the piece (more than any of the Saracens!) is Roland's stepfather. He tips off the Saracens as to where the Franks, in a rearguard action, are holding the pass.

Oliver, Roland's more phlegmatic friend, counsels calling for help, but Roland thinks this would be an act of cowardice. Despite fighting bravely, the Franks are outnumbered and slaughtered, Oliver included. Overcome with grief and guilt, Roland blows his horn (known as the "Oliphant" from an old word for "ivory") until his temples burst and he dies too. His soul is duly borne to paradise.

Suffice it to say that Ganelon and his cohorts do not meet a good end!

More Info: en.wikipedia.org