Known as the fastest land animal, what is the current conservation status of the cheetah?

The cheetah is known as the fastest land animal, estimated to run from 80 to 128 km/h (50 to 80 mph). Several adaptations for speed include a light build, long thin legs and a long tail. As of 2021, the conservation status is classified as Vulnerable, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the world’s most comprehensive inventory of biological species. Threats include habitat loss due to commercialization and fragmentation of populations. With 76% of its range consisting of unprotected land, the cheetah is often targeted by framers and pastoralists who attempt to protect their livestock, especially in Namibia.

Its speed however is attributed to various internal anatomical features. The large nasal passages, accommodate well, due to the smaller size of the canine teeth, ensuring a faster flow of sufficient air. The enlarged heart and lungs also allow for enrichment of blood with oxygen to occur in a shorter time segment compared to other land cats. This allows cheetahs to rapidly regain their stamina after a chase.

Another characteristic that serves to help its speed is the tail. When running, the cheetah uses its tail as a rudder-like navigator, a steering feature that enables it to make sharp turns, necessary to outflank antelopes or its other prey.

The claws of a cheetah are protracted increasing its grip over the ground, while at the same time, paw pads make its sprint more convenient over tough terrain.