The Republic of Cuba is an archipelago consisting of the largest island in the Antilles, Cuba, the Isle of Youth (formerly Isle of Pines), and 4,195 cays, islets, and islands.

It is located in the Caribbean Sea, near the coasts of the United States and Mexico. Cuba's land area is 109,884 square kilometers, but including coastal and territorial waters, it would be 110,860 square kilometers.

The island of Cuba has an area of 104,556 square kilometers and 5,746 kilometers of coastline and 28.5 kilometers of borders at the U.S. Navy's Guantánamo Bay naval base. It lies in the western North Atlantic, bordered by the Straits of Florida and the Old Bahamas Channel to the north; the Windward Passage to the east; the Strait of Colon and the Caribbean Sea to the south; and the Yucatán Channel to the west.

The island of Cuba accounts for the largest part of the Cuban state's territory. It extends 1,250 km in length, 191 km at its widest point, and 31 km at its narrowest point. The largest island outside of Cuba is the Isle of Youth to the southwest, with an area of 2,200 km². The closest territories are: The Bahamas (Cayo Lobos) at 21 km, Haiti at 77 km, Jamaica at 140 km, the United States (Key West) at 150 km, and Mexico at 210 km.

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