The Rape of the Sabine Women is an episode in the legendary history of Rome, traditionally dated to 750 BC. According to a legend, Rome was inhabited only by men. Neighboring tribes didn’t want their daughters to marry poor Romans. That is why the latter decided to abduct young girls from neighboring Sabine families. For this, Romulus invited them to a feast and when they came, Romans abducted their women. This caused the so-called Sabine war.

By the way, the English word “rape” here is a conventional translation of the Latin raptio which means “abduct”.

This legend was always a popular subject of many works of art, especially during Renaissance.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org