Boulia is an outback town and locality in the Shire of Boulia, Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, Boulia had a population of 301 people. The town was named by surveyor Frederick Arthur Hartnell in 1882 and was derived from the name of the waterhole near the township called "bool-yo" in the Pitta Pitta language.

The Boulia Camel Races is an Australian camel race held annually every third weekend of July in Boulia, Queensland since 1997. Sometimes called the Melbourne Cup of camel racing, the event is home to the Boulia Camel Cup, the longest camel race in Australia run over 1500 metres. Races are overseen by the regulatory body Racing Queensland.

The three day event culminates in the major Boulia Camel Cup race. To qualify, camels must have competed in both the 400m and 1000m heats held across the previous days' racing.

The minimum age of racing camels in 3 years and bulls are allowed to race as long as they are not in season. The racetrack is U shaped, with camels racing clockwise. The maximum number of camels per race is 18.

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