Glass is a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure. In production of glass sand, flint, spar or siliceous substances are used with the addition of soda or other fixed alkalis.

The first step of glass-making is reducing all the materials to powder with the help of mills. After sifting out the coarse parts, the proper proportions of smilax and flux are mixed together, and put into the coalmining furnace, and kept in a moderate heat for 5 or 6 hours. It's important to stir the mass during this process. The matter at the output is called frit. Glass makers pound frit and vitrify it in the melting pots of the glass furnace. The glass is ready.