A vinculum is a horizontal line used in mathematical notation for a specific purpose. It may be placed as an overline (or underline) over (or under) a mathematical expression to indicate that the expression is to be considered grouped together. It is also the horizontal line used to separate the numerator and denominator in a fraction also called a "fraction bar".

Historically, vincula were extensively used to group items together, especially in written mathematics, but in modern mathematics, this function has almost entirely been replaced by the use of parentheses.

"Vinculum" is Latin for "bond", "fetter", "chain", or "tie", which is suggestive of some of the uses of the symbol.

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