All of the places listed are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, however, the site closest to the North Pole is The Natural System of the Wrangle Island Reserve. It location is N71 11 20 W179 42 55 (above the Bering Straight). It is made up of two islands and the surrounding waters. These islands contain the world’s largest population of Pacific walrus and the highest density of ancestral polar bear dens. It is a major feeding ground for the grey whale migrating from Mexico and the northernmost nesting ground for 100 migratory bird species, many endangered. The islands host 417 species and subspecies of vascular plants, double that of any other Arctic tundra territory of comparable size and more than any other Arctic island.

The other sites listed are also close to the Arctic Circle and are unique for historical, geographical and natural history reasons.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org