What is the name of the African region formed by Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti?

The Horn of Africa is the continent’s easternmost extension comprising Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, and Djibouti whose culture and history have been connected over the past years. It extends into the Guardafui Channel, Somali Sea, and the Gulf of Aden. The peninsula’s northern boundary lies on the Red Sea’s southern coast.

The Horn of Africa takes its name from the horn-shaped land formation that forms the easternmost point of the African continent, projecting into the Indian Ocean south of the Arabian Peninsula. The region contains diverse land features, including the Somalian and Eritrean coast, Ogaden desert, and Ethiopian highlands.

The Horn of Africa is separated from the Arabian Peninsula by the Bab el-Mandeb Strait (the strait connecting the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden). Up to 18 million years ago, Yemen and the Horn were a single landmass. However, the Gulf of Aden’s rifting separated the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn region.

It hosts about 220 mammal species and numerous bird species. The region also hosts the highest number of endemic reptiles than any other part of Africa. Of the 285 reptile species, 90 are endemic.