Brunei is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the insular Malaysian state of Sarawak. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 428,963 in 2018. The government is an absolute monarchy under the Sultan which implements sharia law and directs Islamic practices.

There are a number of languages spoken in Brunei. The local dialect, "Melayu Brunei" (Brunei Malay), is the most widely spoken language, but Malay is specified as the national language of Brunei in the constitution of 1959. It is the same Malaccan dialect that is the basis for the standards in Malaysia and Indonesia.

While the variety of Malay that functions as the national language is not specified, it is generally assumed to be a variety of Standard Malay that is similar to the standard varieties promoted in Malaysia and Indonesia.

English is widely used as a business and official language and it is spoken by a majority of the population in Brunei, though some people have only a rudimentary knowledge of the language.

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