The University of Bologna was founded in 1088 and is the oldest university in continuous operation in the western world. Alumni include several popes and cardinals, as well as Erasmus, Albrecht Durer, Copernicus, Paracelsus, Enzo Ferrari, and Guglielmo Marconi.

Faculty members have included Dante, Petrarch and Umberto Eco. Laura Bassi is a notable alumnus and faculty member. In 1732, she was awarded the second degree bestowed on a woman by a university. She earned a professorship in physics, and she is recognized as the first woman in the world to be be appointed a university chair in a scientific field.

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