What type of surgery was developed by Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe in the early 19th century?

Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe, (8 March 1787 – 4 July 1840, was a German surgeon from Warsaw. He was the father of ophthalmologist Albrecht von Graefe (1828–1870) and grandfather of politician Albrecht von Graefe (1868-1933).

Gräfe studied medicine at Halle and Leipzig, and after obtaining his licence from Leipzig, he was in 1807 appointed a private physician to Duke Alexius of Anhalt-Bernburg. In 1811, he became a professor of surgery and director of the ophthalmological institute at the University of Berlin.

He was a pioneer of plastic and reconstructive surgery, and a founder of German rhinoplastic (nasal reconstruction) surgery. He developed his own techniques in regards to rhinoplasty, being modifications of the Italian methods of Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1545–1599) as well as Indian surgical practices from long ago. He also made contributions towards the development of cleft palate repair, and was a pioneer of eyelid surgery, coining the term "blepharoplasty" in 1818.