Fort Fisher was a series of earthwork artillery batteries built during the Civil War facing the Atlantic Ocean and the northern entrance to the Cape Fear River, New Inlet. Construction began in 1861 and improvements continued until its fall in 1865. It's purpose was to protect blockade runners trying to reach Wilmington NC and to prevent entrance of Federal ships into the Cape Fear River. With the fall of the Confederate ports of Mobile and Norfolk, Wilmington became the main port of entry on the Atlantic to the Confederacy and the supply line to Confederate troops.

Federal forces attacked Fort Fisher by land and sea in December 1864 without success. A second attack was made in January 1865 at which time, Federal troops and Navy were successful.

Forts Pender and Caswell were also Confederate forts, but guarded the southern entrance to the Cape Fear River, the river mouth itself. Fort Anderson was another confederate fort, but slightly north of Fort Fisher, across the river and built over Old Brunswick Town.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org