Elizabeth Short (July 1924 – January 1947) was an American actress; she is the actual person who was known as the Black Dahlia of Los Angeles, California. The Black Dahlia was a nickname given to Elizabeth Short who was the victim of a much publicized murder in 1947. Short acquired the moniker posthumously from newspapers in the habit of nicknaming crimes they found particularly lurid. The "Black Dahlia" nickname may have been derived from a film noir murder mystery, The Blue Dahlia, released in April 1946.

Short was found mutilated, her body sliced in half at the waist, on January 15, 1947, in Leimert Park, Los Angeles, California. Short's unsolved murder has been the source of widespread speculation, leading to many suspects, along with several books, television and film adaptations of the story. Short's murder is one of the oldest unsolved murder cases in Los Angeles history.

At one point in time, it was known that the police had as many as 25 viable suspects in the Black Dahlia murder — seven of whom were doctors.

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