Slavery in China has taken various forms throughout history. Slavery was abolished as a legally recognized institution, including in a 1909 law, fully enacted in 1910, although the practice continued until at least 1949. Illegal acts of forced labor and slavery in China continue to occur in the twenty-first century, but those found guilty of such crimes are punished harshly. The Chinese term for slave (nuli) can also be roughly translated into 'debtor', 'dependent', or 'subject'. Slaves in China were a very small part of the population and could include war prisoners, kidnap victims or people who had been sold.

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