The Teatro Alfieri in Florence was located between Via Pietrapiana and Via dell'Ulivo.

In 1740, the Accademia dei Risoluti, which had its headquarters in the nearby Palazzo Pascolutti Giani at Via Pietrapiana 18, decided to found its own theater. It was built of wood and called Teatro Santa Maria, named after a stretch of what is now Via Buonarroti. Its entrance was initially on Via dell'Ulivo, then called Via del Giardino.

It was expanded and renovated several times, with interventions by architects Luigi Sgrilli (1789), Vittorio Bellini (1815 and 1828, with masonry additions), and finally by Felice Francolini (1882). The theater was renamed in 1828 in honor of Vittorio Alfieri, who had attended the fifth performance of his tragedy Saul, performed by Antonio Morrocchesi, right here.

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