Indonesia is located at the junction of four tectonic plates, Australian, Philippine, Eurasia and Pacific. Indonesia has more active volcanoes than any other country. It contains some of the world's most famous volcanoes, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Tambora, and Merapi. About 76 volcanoes in Indonesia have erupted throughout its history.

The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Krakatau for its global effects in 1883, Lake Toba for its supervolcanic eruption estimated to have occurred 74,000 years before present which was responsible for six years of volcanic winter, and Mount Tambora for the most violent eruption in recorded history in 1815.

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