Tsurugizan Taniemon (劔山谷右衛門), born in 1803 and believed to have died on October 17, 1854, was a prominent sumo wrestler who achieved the rank of ōzeki, the second-highest in sumo. He won six tournaments before the official yūshō system was established, yet declined the opportunity to be promoted to yokozuna, the highest rank in sumo.

He began his career at the Hatachiyama stable and was later trained by the yokozuna Ōnomatsu Midorinosuke. Initially, he fought under the name Waniishi. Notably, he was one of the few wrestlers to defeat yokozuna Inazuma Raigorō, who had an impressive 90.3% win rate. After an undefeated performance as sekiwake in the November 1841 tournament, he was promoted to ōzeki in February 1842. He achieved the best results in six tournaments, equivalent to six yūshō today, and had a streak of 29 consecutive victories. Known for adapting his techniques to different situations, he chose not to accept the yokozuna rank, recommending Hidenoyama Raigorō instead. Taniemon maintained his ōzeki status for 11 years before retiring in February 1852, shortly before turning 50. His death date remains uncertain, though it is believed to be October 17, 1854.

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