The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned from 1628 to 1658), to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan, the builder. The tomb is the centerpiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.

The vision that preceded the modern era was that of a Taj Mahal symbolizing love, a symbol that is still widely used today. Indeed, history has left us the explanation for the construction of the Taj Mahal, namely that it is the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, the 3rd wife of the 5th Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The latter built "the most beautiful tombs" for his wife died during the delivery of his 14th child. This is a historical fact, it is possible to follow the scene of the death of Mumtaz Mahal, his temporary burial during the construction of the tomb, and his final burial on the spot.

When one nowadays sees the beauty of the Taj Mahal one can imagine the depth of the love that the emperor bore to his wife, and it is therefore natural that the Taj Mahal was the symbol of love. It was this vision that prevailed until the end of the twentieth century, when historians leaned a little more on the monument and discovered a different symbolism.

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