Liechtenstein, a doubly landlocked German-speaking micro-state in Central Europe, is a principality with a constitutional monarch lead by the Prince Hans-Adam II. It is bordered by Austria and Switzerland. During WW II (1939-1945) it was officially neutral and closely allied to Switzerland. It was never occupied.

Andorra, sandwiched by France and Spain, also officially neutral, was occupied by French troops from 1936-1940. The detachment kept an eye on possible incursions from Franco's Spain. The French army left after its collapse in 1940. Later, it served as a smuggling route between Fascist Spain and Vichy France.

San Marino, a mountainous region totally surrounded by Italy was neutral . It suffered air bombing and was briefly occupied by German forces in 1944. They were expelled by the Allies after the Battle of San Marino.

Monaco, on the French Riviera and surrounded by France, was occupied by Italy in November 1942. Upon Mussolini's collapse, German troops entered Monaco and began the systematic deportation of Jews to concentration camps. The Germans retreated when the Allies invaded Southern France.

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