Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799). After seizing political power in France in a 1799 "coup d’état", he crowned himself emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his empire. However, after a disastrous French invasion of Russia in 1812, Napoleon abdicated the throne two years later and was exiled to the island of Elba. In 1815, he briefly returned to power in his Hundred Days campaign. After a crushing defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, he abdicated once again and was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died at 51.

At the Battle of Lodi in 1796 Napoleon laid some of the French cannon on target himself, even though he was the French commander in the field. This was normally the part of a corporal in the gun crew, and it has been suggested this led his troops to call him, affectionately, the little corporal. Whether the story is true or not is a matter of opinion, but often Napoleon was in the thick of things and frequently talked and joked with his soldiers. This alone might have been the real source of the nickname. Whatever the reason, his troops often were devoted to him.

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