The platypus is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, the only mammal that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The animal is the sole living representative of its family ('Ornithorhynchidae') and genus ('Ornithorhynchus'), though a number of related species appear in the fossil record.

Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass 'Marsupialia'. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia and the Americas. Well-known marsupials include kangaroos, wallabies, koalas, possums, opossums, wombats, and Tasmanian devils.

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