Special education is now governed primarily by the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The IDEA requires school boards to make available a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to all students with disabilities. To provide a FAPE schools must give students any needed special education and related services. The IDEA defines special education as specially designed instruction that conforms to students’ individualized education programs and related services as developmental, corrective, and other supportive services.

The statute was originally passed in 1975 as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act and was signed into law by President Gerald Ford. It has been amended several times since, most recently in 2004. A 1990 amendment changed the name to its present title.

More Info: sites.ed.gov