Eris is the most massive and second-largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System. It is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) in the scattered disk and has a high-eccentricity orbit. Eris was discovered in January 2005 by a Palomar Observatory–based team led by Mike Brown and verified later that year. In September 2006, it was named after the Greco–Roman goddess of strife and discord. Eris is the ninth-most massive known object orbiting the Sun.

Makemake, a dwarf planet, was discovered in March 2005 by a team led by Michael E. Brown. It was announced in July 2005. Depending on how astrogeologists now define a dwarf planet, Makemake is the second-largest Kuiper belt object in the classical population. It was initially known as 2005 FY9. In July 2008, it was named after Makemake, a creator god in the Rapa Nui mythology of Easter Island.

Gonggong, another dwarf planet, is a member of the scattered disc beyond Neptune. As of 2019, its distance from the Sun was 88 AU (13.2×109 km; 8.2×109 mi). It is the sixth-farthest known Solar System object. Gonggong is also in a 3:10 orbital resonance with Neptune. It was discovered in July 2007 by American astronomers Megan Schwamb, Michael Brown, and David Rabinowitz at the Palomar Observatory; the discovery was announced in January 2009. It is named after Gònggōng, a Chinese water god responsible for chaos, floods, and the tilt of the Earth.

Orcus, a trans-Neptunian dwarf planet, was discovered by American astronomers in February 2004.

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