Louis XIV, also known as "the Great" or "the Sun King," was born on September 5, 1638, at the Château Neuf in Saint-Germain-en-Laye and died on September 1, 1715, in Versailles. He was the King of France and Navarre, reigning from May 14, 1643, initially under the regency of his mother, Anne of Austria, until September 7, 1651, and continuing until his death in 1715. His reign lasted 72 years, making it one of the longest in European history and the longest in French history.

Early in his reign, Louis XIV adopted the sun as his emblem, before favoring political allegory. The sun symbolized Apollo, the god of peace and the arts, and represented the celestial body that gives life to all things, embodying regularity and the cycle of rising and setting. This choice of emblem reflected his vision of a centralized and powerful monarchy, where he stood as the central figure, much like the sun in the solar system. His reign was marked by the flourishing of arts and culture, as well as significant political and military achievements, reinforcing his image as a radiant and powerful ruler.

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