One-third (33%) of all parrot species are threatened by extinction, with a higher aggregate extinction risk (International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List Index) than any other comparable bird group. Parrots are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera (taxonomic rank) found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The greatest diversity of parrots is in South American and Australia, New Zealand and some neighboring islands.

A characteristic feature of parrots is a strong curved bill (picture) used for climbing in tree canopies. They also often use their bills for climbing by gripping or hooking on branches and other supports. Many parrots exhibit vivid colors and some are multi-colored. Diets include seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material. A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion.

Parrots are among the most intelligent birds, and the ability of some species to imitate human speech enhances their popularity as pets. Pet parrots invariably require an enormous amount of attention, care and intellectual stimulation to thrive, akin to what is required by a three-year-old child.

Numerous challenges are encountered when trying to study parrots as they are difficult to catch and once caught, they are difficult to mark. Most wild bird studies rely on banding or wing tagging, but parrots chew off such attachments. Parrots also tend to range widely, and consequently many gaps occur in knowledge of their behavior.

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